Physical Impairments: Types

Type Prevalence Description Causes
Arthritis 19%-27% of U.S. Adults Joint inflammation that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints
  • Aging
  • Diseases
Amputation ~200,000 people in U.S. Removal of part of all of a body part that is enclosed by skin.
  • Accidents
  • Diseases
Spinal Cord ~300,000 people in U.S. Permanent loss of strength, sensation, and function (mobility and feeling).
  • Accidents
  • Diseases
Parkinson's Disease ~1 million people in the U.S. Progressive diseases causing tremor, slow movements, rigidity and unstable balance.
  • Genetic
  • Environmental
Musculoskeletal About 1/2 of people in U.S. Damage of muscular or skeletal systems.
  • Strenuous activities
  • Often work related
Spina Bifida ~90,000 in U.S. Tissues and nerves usually are exposed, though sometimes skin covers the spinal cord.
  • Family history
  • Medications during pregnancy
  • Mother's pre-existing health conditions
  • Illness during pregnancy
Cerebral Palsy ~1 Million people in U.S. Muscle control and involuntary movement.
  • Birth trauma
  • Premature births
  • Birth defects